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ウミディグダの実装に伴うバイオーム「砂浜」が話題になっています。
砂浜がちゃんと編集されているところは海なし県ではほとんどありませんね。
かつての公園のように簡単にはいかず、難しいところです。

23 hours ago

I am currently on a visit to Ireland 🇮🇪 and a lack of proper office space makes it difficult to stay productive. I will try to prepare something cool to show off this week. Sorry for keeping you waiting!

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a day ago

Why is OpenStreetMap iD not updated like OpenStreetMap ArcGIS? These are two different datasets that need to be linked/updated! Is ArcGIS taking over for OpenStreetMap and requiring a fee? ArcGIS needs to update OpenStreetMap iD if they participate! OpenStreetMap ArcGIS has not updated dataset in months! Please help with coordinating these two data set updates! Otherwise this in-browser edition will soon be obsolete! Use ArcGIS to compare your area with the link listed: ArcGIS OSM Are there any differences? Can anyone explain why?

2 days ago

IVIDES.org® realizou oficina sobre importação de POIs no OSM a partir de arquivo de dados do Censo Demográfico do Brasil 2022

O Instituto Virtual para o Desenvolvimento Sustentável promoveu uma oficina sobre importação de pontos de interesse (POI) no OpenStreetMap, a partir de um arquivo de valores separados por vírgula (.csv).

O conteúdo abrangeu os pontos de interesse obtidos do conjunto de dados do Censo Demográfico 2022, mas os organizadores salientam que a rotina pode ser utilizada para a importação de outros tipos de pontos geocodificados no OpenStreetMap.

Todos os arquivos da apresentação podem ser encontrados no portal do treinamento, que inclui também a agenda dos demais encontros.

ivides.org/oficinas-mapeamento-openstreetmap

Um agradecimento especial ao público participante ao vivo e aos(às) participantes futuros desta ação! Agradecemos ainda aos nossos parceiros: HUB YouthMappers Rio de Janeiro, YouthMappers Brasil, YouthMappers Internacional e os laboratórios associados - Laboratório de Cartografia - GeoCart-UFRJ, Laboratório ESPAÇO de Sensoriamento Remoto e Estudos Ambientais - Espaço-UFRJ, Laboratório integrado de Geografia Física Aplicada - LiGA-UFFRJ e Laboratório de Modelagem Geográfica - LabModel UERJ. E também ao Victor Hugo Timotheo, que participou da transmissão, no apoio técnico.

IVIDES.org® é uma marca registrada. Para entrar em contato sobre esta ação: ym.ufrj@gmail.com.

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A gravação da sessão pode ser encontrada no canal do IVIDES.org® no YouTube.

O DOWNLOAD DOS ARQUIVOS DA OFICINA está disponível! – Arquivo da apresentação e arquivos extras.

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P.S.: Sobre os dados de latitude e longitute, que foram mantidos como estiquetas no conjunto de dados da oficina, está incluída uma justificativa no arquivo da apresentação e na sessão gravada e disponível no YouTube. A wiki OSM informa que tais etiquetas são “descartáveis”, porém mantivemos os dados das coordenadas para facilitar as oficinas de validação que serão realizadas pelo YouthMappers UFRJ, após este estágio de mapeamento colaborativo dos pontos de interesse.

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3 days ago

Introduction

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In this post, I will try to explain my process how to get best out of Insta360 ONE RS 1-inch camera and successfully upload images to Mapillary. It started out of my frustration of dealing with this camera and Mapillary and I hope you will not have to go through what I have been🙂. I will be focusing here more on software side (how to deal with data) rather than on hardware side (how to set up rig for image capture).

Let me first start with disclaimer that this is not easiest camera to work with Mapillary (hence this guide) and that not even Mapillary is recommending it. It definitively captures better images than GoPro 360, but everything with GoPro is more smooth over whole process, so be aware of this. Camera needs to record in video mode and it relies on additional GPS dongle you have to buy.

This guide assumes familiarity with Python and Linux. Most steps are optional, and you can treat everything as pure recommendation, and while you can always ping me to help you, beware that some technical knowledge (and determination🙂) is needed if you want to extract highest quality from this camera.

Capturing street view

First, you will need another hardware - “GPS Action Remote” with this. In theory, you don’t need it, as you can record with phone (or some other device), but in practice - you just turn on this remote and it works. With phone, you need to have Insta app turned on all the time, worry about display, whether app will get killed by battery optimizations, GPS reception inside car…. I decided to keep my sanity and use this little gadget. It will record GPS (poorly). Connect them and pair them and you can control camera through this remote. Once it show green, it means it is connected to camera and it acquired GPS signal.

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Mapillary is suggesting to capture images in timelapse mode. If you do this, you will not get any GPS data (that is - you will get first coordinate and that lat/long will be on all images, so unusable). With this camera, you have to record in video mode. This will result in larger files, more drained battery and prolonged post-processing, but hey - at least it will work. You can expect 1h 10 min of recording if you fully top up battery.

If you are using it outside of car, you can strap both GPS remote and additional battery altogether (watch for hot days and direct exposure of battery to the sun!), but I recommend to go out every 10-20 minutes and check if tripod is holding good. If you are like me and you want to be anonymous and don’t like to be captured by camera, every time you go out, do stop and start video recording again. If you just have one large video, it will be harder to remove yourself (but not impossible), so consider doing this. If you don’t care if your head is in video, then no need for this. This is example how our setup looked like:

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If you do not want to do video splitting, you will have to keep your video under 7-8 minutes! If you go over this time, you will have to cut them in post-processing as Mapillary cannot ingest video larger than 8 minutes.

Getting video and track

Once you go home, you will end up with .insv files. Download and open Insta360 Studio application. Import this .insv file. You can adjust quality of image if you want. I usually cut beginning and end of video to only parts where I am driving. If I went outside of car and were checking tripod, I also cut those parts (you cannot cut parts of video, but you can export same video multiple times with different start/end cut times). Once satisfied with cutting, export video. Important thing here is to check “Export GPX track”.

If you don’t want to deal with Linux and cutting video/gpx later, this is your time to cut video into 5-6 minutes segments. Anything larger than this increases probability that Mapillary processing will fail (anything above 8 minutes is impossible to be processed).

At the end of the process, you should end with one .mp4 video file and one .gpx track file. Let’s call them input.mp4 and input.gpx.

Fixing GPX track (optional)

GPX that is recorded with this “Action Remote” dongle is crime against all scientist, engineers, mechanics and everyone who worked hard to give us ability to know where we are using GPS. For this part, you will need to run Python program. If you can live with poor GPS, no need to fix anything, but I just couldn’t. Here is how it looks before (turquoise color) and after (blue color) processing:

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What I did is I used Geoapify platform to do map matching of GPX for me. This is process where you snap GPX trace to closest road. It is really hard problem and I found that Geoapify do very good job converting this Insta360 mess of GPX and their free pricing is more than enough (not affiliated with them, just found them good and easy to work with). First go to their website, sign in and obtain API key (click “New Project”, type any name and on next dialog, just remember generated API key). Here is simple Python script that will take your input.gpx, send it to Geoapify for map matching and then update original .gpx to have new points (while keeping all other attributes like time the same):

import xml.etree.ElementTree as ET
import json
import requests

ET.register_namespace('', 'www.topografix.com/GPX/1/1')
ns = {'': 'www.topografix.com/GPX/1/1'}

def gpx_to_json(input_filename):
    converted_gpx = {'mode': 'drive', 'waypoints': []}
    tree = ET.parse(input_filename)
    root = tree.getroot()
    trksegs = root.findall('.//trkseg', ns)[0]
    for trkseg in trksegs:
        converted_gpx['waypoints'].append({
            'timestamp': trkseg.find('time', ns).text,
            'location': [float(trkseg.attrib['lon']), float(trkseg.attrib['lat'])]
        })
    return converted_gpx

def do_mapmatching(input_json):
    url = "api.geoapify.com/v1/mapmatching?apiKey=<YOUR_APIKEY>"
    headers = {"Content-Type": "application/json"}
    resp = requests.post(url, headers=headers, data=json.dumps(input_json))
    if resp.status_code != 200:
        raise resp
    return resp.json()

def adopt_gpx(input_gpx_filename, mapmatched_json, output_gpx_filename):
    # Load original GPX and segments
    tree = ET.parse(input_gpx_filename)
    root = tree.getroot()
    trksegs = root.findall('.//trkseg', ns)[0]

    # Load mapmatched segments
    waypoints = mapmatched_json['features'][0]['properties']['waypoints']

    assert len(waypoints) == len(trksegs)

    # Change location in original gpx and save it
    for waypoint, trkseg, i in zip(waypoints, trksegs, range(len(waypoints))):
        assert i == waypoint['original_index']
        trkseg.attrib['lon'] = str(waypoint['location'][0])
        trkseg.attrib['lat'] = str(waypoint['location'][1])
    tree.write(output_gpx_filename, default_namespace="")

if __name__ == '__main__':
    input_gpx_filename = 'input.gpx'
    input_gpx_as_json = gpx_to_json(input_gpx_filename)
    mapmatched_json = do_mapmatching(input_gpx_as_json)
    adopt_gpx(input_gpx_filename, mapmatched_json, 'output.gpx')

Save this code as “mapmatching.py”, change “YOUR_APIKEY” to value obtained from Geoapify, run it with python3 mapmatching.py with input.gpx in same directory. At the end of it, you should get output.gpx. Open this file in GPX editor of your choice and manually inspect it. Move any bogus points (it can happen, especially with hairpin roads) and save it - you can now use this .gpx instead of old one. I am using GpsPrune software (available for Linux too) to move points. Here is (rare) example where mapmatching can go wrong:

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Splitting videos (optional)

If you ended with videos larges than 8 minutes, this is your time to cut them. I am using ffmpeg and exiftool command from Linux. This is command that will take input.mp4 and split it into out000.mp4, out001.mp4 … files, each up to 5 minutes in length. After that, I am using exiftool to bring back metadata from original video (just so it is nicer to play it in 360 mode in VLC, but I think it is not required for Mapillary):

ffmpeg -i input.mp4 -c copy -strict experimental -map 0:0 -segment_time 00:05:00 -f segment -reset_timestamps 1 out%03d.mp4
exiftool -api LargeFileSupport=1 -tagsFromFile input.mp4 -all:all out000.mp4 # repeat for other out*.mp4 files

Unfortunately, you will have to split .gpx manually (I could create Python script for this too if someone wants, but it was easier for me to just split it in text editor). That is - open .gpx in any text editor, observe time of first point, add 5 minutes to that value and remove all points that happened after exactly fifth minute. If you do this correctly and if you had video of 14 minutes and you cut it in 6 minute segments, you should end up with 3 video - 6 minutes, 6 minutes and 2 minutes as well as 3 .gpx traces - 6 minutes, another one with middle 6 minutes and another one with final 2 minutes. Do rename .mp4 and .gpx to have same names!

You are now ready to upload all these video using Mapillary Desktop Uploader. As long as names of .mp4 and .gpx are the same, you can just drag .mp4 file into Desktop Uploader app and it will show you trace and it will let you upload to Mapillary.

Producing images (optional)

In general, you don’t need this step. This is step if you want to convert video to bunch of images. Some of the reason you might want images:

• You don’t like how Mapillary is handling videos (street view images too close to each other), or
• you ended up with large videos that you cannot/don’t know how to split, or
• you have part of video that you don’t want in Mapillary at all, and you don’t want to split it in Insta Studio app all the time
• you don’t want to backup large videos, you would rather have images
• you have poor internet connection to upload those giant video files

In these cases, you can try to generate bunch of images from your videos and upload these. For this, mapillary_tools can help you, but it is not easy to get proper arguments. What I found that works for me is this set of options:

mkdir tmp/
mapillary_tools video_process ./out000.mp4 ./tmp/ --geotag_source "gpx" --geotag_source_path ./out000.gpx --video_sample_distance -1 --video_sample_interval 1 --interpolation_use_gpx_start_time --overwrite_all_EXIF_tags --interpolate_directions

Conclusion

I hope this guide could help you with this camera, if you plan to use it for street view. Feel free to ping me if you need help in any of these steps or if you find that something is missing, or that Mapillary made some things easier in the meantime! Big thanks to friends BrackoNe and borovac who borrowed me this camera and who took these pictures (and whose car this is🙂).

5 days ago

Peraturan aman central menyukarkan saya untuk buat mapping di dalam.

5 days ago

En aout dernier, j’avais été surpris de la facilité avec laquelle j’étais devenu le contributeur n°1 en Grèce, via l’application StreetComplete. Je viens d’accomplir la même chose, mais en contribuant sur la France. ♦

Comment mi suis-je pris :

• J’ai pris un endroit loin de chez moi, où je n’avais pas encore travaillé
• J’ai sept jours durant fait une sortie à vélo d’une heure avec StreetComplete et vesspucci
• j’ai tagué, j’ai ajouté et tagué

C’est aussi simple que cela et ne prend pas beaucoup de temps. Je ne reproduirai sans doute pas la chose, car près de chez moi, ça commence à faire un sacré trajet afin que je rentre dans des zones en besoin de tags.

6 days ago

私たちが使っているGoogle mapなどにはかず多くのレイヤーを用いて作られていると学びました。自分でマッピングすることが、日本地図を測量して初めて作った伊能忠敬のようでワクワクしています。ちなみに彼の記念館や屋敷、昔の街並みは千葉県の香取市にあり、「佐原の町並み」として観光地になっています。

6 days ago

English below / Português abaixo

Dans mon précédent post, mon propos visait à promouvoir la cartographie de terrain comme première activité concrète de cartographie OSM proposée à des débutants, plutôt que l’hégémonique cartographie des bâtiments, mais pas du tout à dénigrer la cartographie des bâtiments en tant que telle : alors que certaines personnes dans la communauté voient essentiellement OSM comme une base de données de navigation et jugent les bâtiments comme un objet secondaire voire assez inutile, pour ma part, je reconnais tout à fait leur importance pour divers aspects, comme par exemple, participer à représenter (notamment avec les barrières et les arbres) ce qu’on appelle en géographie le tissu urbain, ou servir comme approximation de l’effectif d’une population. J’ai d’ailleurs enseigné pendant quelques années InaSAFE pour QGIS, qui utilise notamment les bâtiments OSM comme données de vulnérabilités, ou coordonné la cartographie de tous les bâtiments dans les préfectures et sous-préfectures de la RCA pendant la crise de 2012 -2014.

Pour autant, je ne fais pas des bâtiments l’alpha et l’oméga de la carto OSM, et en fait, surtout pas l’alpha. En effet, ce n’est pas le premier objet que je ferais cartographier sur imagerie par des débutants :

• Les bâtiments ne sont pas forcément des objets simples à cartographier et le sont en grande majorité avec iD, qui n’est pas conçu pour cela, ni n’a (malheureusement) jamais été modifié pour l’être.
• En dehors des zones rurales où les bâtiments sont espacés les uns des autres, la cartographie correcte des bâtiments implique de savoir placer précisément les nœuds, voire aligner les bâtiments entre eux. Redresser les bâtiments tordus et mal alignés faits en ville par les débutants est une des tâches ingrates des contributeurs expérimentés.
• Dans certains contextes urbains, avec un bâti serré et de plusieurs étages, leur cartographie est particulièrement complexe, même pour des cartographes expérimentés.
• Sur certaines images, les bâtiments sont peu visibles et le résultat forcément limité en qualité. • Si le besoin en données n’est pas immédiat, il peut être préférable d’attendre une image de meilleure qualité, tant le « remapping » prendra du temps.

Je conseille plutôt de faire commencer les débutants par la cartographie des routes :

• Le besoin de précision géométrique est moindre, on vectorise généralement à un niveau de zoom moins important.
• L’expérience est nettement plus enrichissante, car elle permet d’aborder les notions d’intersection et connectivité, d’accrochage, de nœuds utiles et de sur-extraction, ou encore de classes d’attributs.
• C’est également pour eux l’opportunité d’apprendre les notions de contrôle qualité et de complétude de la donnée, à travers l’importance de la connexité pur un réseau routier connexe, en travaillant par exemple sur les voies déconnectées du réseau principal, depuis Osmose ou Maproulette.
• Une cartographie de routes de qualité moyenne est plus facile à corriger (mode W sur JOSM par exemple) que celle de bâtiments, et nettement plus plaisante !

In my previous diary post, my aim was to promote terrain mapping as the first concrete OSM mapping activity offered to beginners, rather than the hegemonic mapping of buildings, but not at all to denigrate the mapping of buildings as such: While some people in the community see OSM essentially as a navigation database and consider buildings to be a secondary or even fairly useless object, for my part, I fully recognise their importance for various aspects, such as helping to represent (particularly with fences and trees) what in geography is known as the urban fabric, or serving as an approximation of the size of a population. I also taught for a few years InaSAFE for QGIS, which uses OSM buildings as vulnerability data, or coordinated the mapping of all the buildings in the prefectures and sub-prefectures of the CAR during the 2012-2014 crisis.

However, I’m not making buildings the alpha and omega of OSM mapping, and in fact, especially not the alpha. In fact, it’s not the first object that I’d have mapped on imagery by beginners:

• Buildings aren’t necessarily simple objects to map, and the vast majority of them are with iD, which wasn’t designed for this purpose, nor has it (unfortunately) ever been modified to be so.
• Apart from rural areas where buildings are spaced far apart, correct mapping of buildings involves knowing how to place nodes precisely, and even align buildings with each other. Straightening out the twisted and misaligned buildings made in town by beginners is one of the thankless tasks of experienced contributors.
• In certain urban contexts, with tightly-packed, multi-storey buildings, mapping them is particularly complex, even for experienced cartographers.
• In some images, the buildings are not very visible and the result is inevitably limited in quality. if the need for data is not immediate, it may be preferable to wait for an image of better quality, as remapping will take time.

I recommend that beginners start with hisghway mapping (roads, streets, paths…):

• There’s less need for geometric precision, and you generally vectorise at a lower zoom level.
• It’s a much more rewarding experience, because it introduces them to the concepts of intersection and connectivity, snapping, useful nodes and over-extraction, and tag classes.
• It’s also an opportunity for them to learn about the concepts of quality control and data completeness, through the importance of connectivity for a related road network, for example by working on roads disconnected from the main network, using Osmose or Maproulette.
• Mapping roads or streets of average quality is easier to correct (W mode on JOSM, for example) than mapping buildings, and much more pleasant!

Translated with DeepL.com (free version)

No meu post anterior, o meu objetivo era promover o mapeamento do terreno como a primeira atividade concreta de mapeamento OSM oferecida aos principiantes, em vez do hegemónico mapeamento de edifícios, mas não pretendia de todo denegrir o mapeamento de edifícios enquanto tal: Enquanto algumas pessoas na comunidade vêem o OSM essencialmente como uma base de dados de navegação e consideram os edifícios como um objeto secundário ou mesmo bastante inútil, pela minha parte, reconheço plenamente a sua importância em vários aspectos, tais como ajudar a representar (particularmente com vedações e árvores) o que em geografia é conhecido como tecido urbano, ou servir como uma aproximação da dimensão de uma população. Também ensinei durante alguns anos o InaSAFE para o QGIS, que utiliza os edifícios do OSM como dados de vulnerabilidade, ou coordenei a cartografia de todos os edifícios das prefeituras e subprefeituras da RCA durante a crise de 2012-2014.

Por tudo isso, não estou a fazer dos edifícios o alfa e o ómega do mapeamento OSM e, na verdade, especialmente não o alfa. De facto, não é o primeiro objeto que eu mandaria mapear em imagens por principiantes:

• Os edifícios não são necessariamente objectos simples de mapear, e a grande maioria deles são-no com o iD, que não foi concebido para isso, nem foi (infelizmente) alguma vez modificado para o ser.
• Exceto nas zonas rurais, onde os edifícios estão muito espaçados, mapear corretamente os edifícios significa saber colocar os nós com precisão e até alinhar os edifícios uns com os outros. Endireitar os edifícios torcidos e desalinhados feitos na cidade por principiantes é uma das tarefas ingratas dos colaboradores experientes.
• Em certos contextos urbanos, com edifícios de vários andares e muito compactos, a sua cartografia é particularmente complexa, mesmo para cartógrafos experientes.
• Em algumas imagens, os edifícios não são muito visíveis e o resultado é inevitavelmente limitado em termos de qualidade. se a necessidade de dados não for imediata, pode ser preferível esperar por uma imagem de melhor qualidade, uma vez que o remapeamento levará tempo.

Recomendo que os principiantes comecem pela cartografia rodoviária (estradas ou ruas):

• Há menos necessidade de precisão geométrica e, geralmente, a vectorização é feita com um nível de zoom inferior
• É uma experiência muito mais gratificante, porque lhes dá a conhecer os conceitos de intersecção e conetividade, encaixe, nós úteis e sobre-extração, e classes de atributos.
• É também uma oportunidade para aprenderem os conceitos de controlo de qualidade e exaustividade dos dados, através da importância da conetividade para uma rede rodoviária relacionada, por exemplo, trabalhando em estradas desligadas da rede principal, utilizando o Osmose ou o Maproulette.
• Mapear estradas ou ruas de qualidade média é mais fácil de corrigir (modo W no JOSM, por exemplo) do que mapear edifícios, e muito mais agradável!

Traduzido com DeepL.com (versão gratuita)

7 days ago

♦ It’s summer in the Philippines, and even at 08h, the sun’s already ablaze, and a friend with an umbrella is always welcome sight.

Our Tuesday morning in Tagbilaran started with a field mapping exercise with volunteers from the University of Bohol YouthMappers Club, gathering by the bandstand in Plaza Rizal for last minute rejoinders.

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And so we got ready to head out to our assigned areas, to write down observations, sketching on FieldPapers, for fresh geodata we could use to update the neighborhood map. It’s also a practical exercise for the Geodetic Engineering students who participated, but not before a group photo, while everyone is still fresh-looking.

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We also collected street-level imagery, which we also plan to use for a workshop. Panoramax , of course, was used for the initial batch of photos, because we want to use them immediately, a workshop right after the field work, but we plan to upload the collected images on Mapillary, as well.

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We’ve had no issues using OpenCamera for capturing imagey , since almost everyone was using Android. We’d have recommended SkyFlow for iOS, but the outlier was a device with HarmonyOS, which uses “PetalMaps”, apparently a map service from Tomtom, but doesn’t appear to use any OSM data, nor Google Maps.

After a 90-minute dose of sunshine, we trotted back to the campus for the MapaTime workshop, a respite from the heat and then some hands-on mapping.

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Each of the volunteers assigned to an area is given a theme to focus on, though they’re free to collect and take note of anything they find interesting:

• Emergency/Lifeline features
• Shops and Commercial Establishments
• Mobility and Public Transport

The heat map below visually summarizes the editing efforts made by local community of mappers in Tagbilaran, hosted by the University of Bohol YouthMappers club. ♦

Their club is planning to run an initiative to improve the neighborhood map around their campus soon, and hope that the tools and techniques they picked-up from the workshop can be applied for that project.

Finally, a last group-fie with their college dean, and their “UB pose” – a perfect way to hide my double-chin! 😆 ♦

7 days ago

خربا حوران درعا السويداء

8 days ago

Rozhodl jsem se lépe zmapovat golfová hřiště. Mám za sebou několik prozkoumaných hřišť, nedaleko Sokolova, Karlových Varů, Českého Krumlova, Karlštejna, Milovic… a postupně si vyberu i další nezmapované lokality.

Studium těchto lokalit mne přivedlo na méně zjevné skutečnosti, ať už se týkají krajiny, golfové hry, nebo dalších souvislostí s obojím. Dobře zmapované golfové hřiště může být rychlou pomůckou jak pro zájemce o hru, tak i lepším orientačním bodem pro uživatele OSM v jiných situacích.

A v neposlední řadě tu je i menší riziko, že zde mapovací práci v OSM nezlikviduje nějaký rutinní editor, který plošně reimportuje mapová data pozemků LPIS, aniž by detailně řešil, co se v konkrétním místě skutečně nachází. Golfová hřiště jsou většinou soukromé pozemky, které nezajímají ani editory vlastních komerčních aplikací zabývající se dopravní navigací, nebo cyklotrasami.

Můj text je o mapování. O golfu jako takovém skoro vůbec, ale o jeho vlivu na životní prostředí především.

Golf je prý pro všechny

Je to vlastně největší sportovní hřiště, které využívá pro hru specifické krajinné prvky. Golfová krajina a její uspořádání je především romantická a idealizující forma přírody, zbavená všech, pro hru nadbytečných detailů. Do krajiny naopak přidává nové prvky, které jsou součástí hry.

Golf je původem ze Skotska či prostě z Britských ostrovů, jako oddechová hra pro skupinu lidí, zpravidla z vyšší společenské třídy. To taky naznačuje, proč je golfová krajina právě taková, jaká je. Postupem času až do současnosti se forma a pravidla golfu ustálila a - kromě těch obykle známých skutečností - se definitivně ustálila i schematická a naivní představa o krásné krajině, v které se golf hraje. Ze zkresleného zájmu o krásu krajiny se vlastně nepochopením přírody stala její hrozba. A to stojí zato prozkoumat.

Skotská golfová hřiště požírá eroze. Kluby zoufale shánějí finance na opravy iDnes, 31. března 2024

Golf - snobský sport nebo sport pro všechny? - diplomová práce , Martin Šperl

Golfová hřiště v kontextu posuzování vlivů na životní prostředí - diplomová práce, Ing. Alice Levá

Golf a mapování

Golfová hřiště na území České republiky jsou na veřejných mapách zaznamenány většinou jako oblast pro hraní golfu. Často však bez konkrétních detailů hrací plochy. OSM ve své nabídce mapových prvků má kompletní sadu pro mapování golfových hřišť. Z toho vyplývá, že mapování golfových prvků je v OSM možné.

Golfové kluby hráčům samozřejmě předloží vlastní mapu hřiště, ale veřejná a ucelená informace ke všem golfovým hřištím najednou, buď zcela chybí, nebo není přesná a úplná.

Také golfová hřiště, podobně jako všechny jiné prvky v krajině, podléhají změnám v čase. Golfové kluby se snaží svá hřiště rozvíjet, udržovat a měnit tak, aby co nejlépe poskytovala herní zážitek. Mohou se měnit tvary a proporce jednotlivých jamkových tras, někde přibyde nebo ubyde stromový porost, vznikají zpevněné golfové stezky a rozšiřují se, nebo zcela přesunují i pískové bunkery.

Přesto se dá říci, že plán golfového hřiště zůstává z větší části bez změn. Každý klub svou herní plochu zachovává i proto, aby byla srozumitelná pro hráče hrající mezinárodní turnaje. Větší změny hřiště jsou velmi nákladné a hřiště je po dobu úprav mimo provoz.

Když se podíváte na mapu ČR, tak golfová hřiště vznikají nejvíce kolem velkých měst, nebo v blízkosti atraktivních turistických destinací. Je to jednoznačně komerční objekt, který má za cíl zaujmout hráče a nabídnout jim nejlepší zážitek ze hry, komfort a zázemí. To vše také golfoví hráči očekávají. Mnohdy se vydávají na golfovou turistiku. Je to plánovaná tour po více golfových hřištích, kde tráví čas, využijí místní ubytovací služby a občas i navštíví blízké okolí. Jejich hlavním cílem však zůstává golf.

Každé golfové hřiště má něco.

Například Golfový klub v Sokolově vznikl na ploše rekultivované výsypky povrchového dolu.

Nedaleko Klášteru Teplá zas golfový klub a s ním i hřiště zanikl, takže pozemek postupně zarůstá. Pískové bunkery však zůstaly.

V Milovicích je golfové hřiště na místě, kde býval vojenský prostor.

U Lipna už dávno není golfové hřiště, teď se na pozemku prohání divocí koně a pratuři.

A nyní už přejděme k hlavnímu tématu. Vznik a provoz golfových hřišť má několik negativních dopadů na životní prostředí.

Negativní dopady na přírodu

Ztráta přirozených přírodních stanovišť Golf vyžaduje nejvíce plochy v poměru na jednoho hráče, více než jakýkoli jiný sport. Výstavba golfových hřišť vede k zásadním změnám krajiny. Původní druhy rostlin a živočichů jsou nuceny opustit své dosavadní životní prostředí.

Jde například o částečné, nebo úplné odlesnění pozemku, na kterém je zcela odstraněn podrost a křovinné patro. Někde zůstávají zachovány jen solitérní stromy, nebo jsou dosazovány nové. Mnohdy druhy stromů, které jsou v této krajině cizí. (Šlechtěné odrůdy jehličnanů, listnaté stromy dovezené ze zahraničí…) Pod stromy je nadále udržovaný trávník, v případě opadavých stromů je pravidelně odstraňovaný opad listí, které by na zemi dělalo přirozenou ochranu půdy a přirozený habitat pozemního hmyzu a drobných živočichů.

I změna z obyčejné louky, nebo rozvolněné krajiny na golfové hřiště znamená redukci biodiverzity. Obyčejná louka spásaná skotem, občas sečená, nebo nesečená horská louka, dokáže udržet bylinné patro v relativně stabilní rovnováze. Jakmile zde vzniká hrací plocha navžená podle architekta, proběhnou změny. Ať už ve tvaru terénu, kdy jsou projektovány terénní nerovnosti, nebo naopak nerovnosti srovnány, tak i ve výběru a co největší redukci travin. Pro exponovaná místa se vybírají pouze nejodolnější travní druhy, které přežijí časté sekání na minimální výšku.

Golf u Řebíčka zničil vzácnou přírodu. Pokuta? 50 tisíc - Aktuálně.cz 8. 5. 2011

Znečištění vody a půdy Pro udržení jednodruhové a celistvé trávy na golfových hřištích je potřeba používat velké množství umělých hnojiv, herbicidů, fungicidů a pesticidů. Tyto chemikálie mohou kontaminovat blízké povrchové vodní zdroje i spodní vodu a ovlivnit rostliny, zvířata, potoky a řeky.

Chemické látky se musí aplikovat na plochu hřiště pravidelně, každý rok. Na konkrétních místech, kde je jakýkoliv porost nežádoucí, bývá používaný totální herbicid. Rezidua chemických přípravků mohou mít přímý vliv na další organismy v přírodním potravinovém řetězci. Pro zatěžovaná místa jsou používány v krajině i umělé trávníky, které postupně prorostou živou travou. Pak je nutné trávu sekat a při sečení trávy vzniká riziko, že se z umělého trávníku uvolní drobné části umělé hmoty a dostanou se dále do půdy.

Pískové bunkery jsou typický prvek každého golfových hřišť po celém světě. Přestože hřiště je budováno v krajině, kde není žádné přirozeně odkryté pískové podloží. Písek je tedy na místo zvlášť dovezen a umístěn do vybagrované jámy. Proto, aby písek působil co nejvíce esteticky, používá se světlý materiál s co nejvyšší odrazivosti, a nejnižší složkou organických látek. I přes pravidelnou péči pískový bunker může zarůst travou, proto jsou jeho okraje i povrch pravidelně ošetřovány totálním herbicidem. Při intenzivnějším zanesení písku půdou je obsah celého bunkeru komplet vyměněn. Dá se tedy říci, že tato část hřiště je udržována jako zcela neživý kus krajiny. Nedokáží v něm žít ani pískumilovné organismy. Může se dokonce stát nechtěnou pastí pro drobná zvířata, která se nemohou dostat z písečné jámy, v létě navíc přehřáté sluncem.

Znečištění může být i samotným výskytem golfových míčků v krajině. Byl popsán případ ze zahraničí, kdy bylo běžnou praxí golfistů odpalování míčků na Driving range směrem do moře, nebo do vodní plochy. Golfové míčky nikdo nesbíral, až vytvořily intenzívní environmentální zátěž pobřežních vod. Mořský příboj s míčky ve vodě pohyboval tak, že systematicky likvidoval život na mořském dně.

Podle americké golfové asociace se na golfových hřištích jen v USA ztratí až 300 milionů míčků ročně - Quora

Změna vodního cyklu a spotřeba vody Golfová hřiště vyžadují velké množství vody pro udržení zelené trávy, přinejmenším v odpalištích a jamkovištích. To je obzvláště problematické v oblastech i běžně náchylných k vysychání.

Další voda je potřeba v umělých vodních plochách, které vznikají i na místech, kde žádný přirozený zdroj vody není. Golfovému klubu nezbývá, než vodu čerpat z hlubinných studní, anebo dovážet v cisternách a přečerpat do umělých rybníčků. Kolem umělých vodních ploch většinou nejsou stromy, které by zastiňovaly hladinu a snižovaly výpar vody. Na březích je pravidelně odstraňováno rákosí a vodní rostliny. Byly případy, kdy do vodních nádrží byly aplikovány chemické látky omezující růst vodních řas. Tím se bohužel likviduje i další vodní život včetně hmyzu a vodních živočichů. Na hřištích bývají zatrubněny menší vodní toky, odvodněny mokřady, zasypány strouhy, nebo přesměrovány potoky tak, aby vedly do nově vzniklých vodních nádrží.

Firma dostala pokutu za nepovolené zavlažování golfového hřiště - Ekolist, 13.3.2019

Ztráta biodiverzity: Golfová hřiště jsou často umístěna v krásných přírodních scenériích, ale jejich výstavba a intenzívní údržba může vést ke snížení biodiverzity v těchto oblastech. Některá hřiště jsou na území CHKO nebo v přímé blízkosti CHKO, kde se mohou vyskytovat chráněné rostliny a živočichové, například endemičtí motýli.

Intenzívní péčí o úpravu hřiště bývá snížen nebo ohrožen výskyt zranitelných organismů, nebo prostě z této oblasti zcela zmizí. Pro provozovatele golfových klubů jsou nevítaní i drobní zemní živočichové, kteří si kopou nory, nebo vytváří krtiny. Je časté, že proti krtkům, hrabošům, myším i králíkům jsou jimi nachystány jedové návnady, nebo pasti. Ty se mohou stát sekundárním ohrožením i pro chráněné dravce, nebo další zvířata v potravním řetězci. Tato krajina je pak zákonitě více náchylnější na lokální výskyt parazitních jevů, chorob travin, které by v rozmanité krajině vůbec nevznikly.

Změna odolnosti krajiny: Golfová hřiště mění přirozenou krajinu na uměle upravené plochy, což může vést k erozi půdy a znečištění vody v důsledku odtoku narušených sedimentů. Necitlivé zásahy do půdního profilu vytváří zářezy, nebo převrácení přirozeného sledu vrstev půdy a tím mohou definitivně změnit nosnou kapacitu prostředí. Půda může méně přijímat vodu, nebo naopak více, než byl původní stav. To narušuje rovnováhy a dává příležitost ke vzniku dalších zřetězených událostí. V okolí může dojít k rozšíření nebo přemnožení invazívních organismů, které nemají přirozené nepřátele. Krajina může ztratit samočistící schopnost. Někdy bývá část golfového hřiště oddělena plotem, nebo zelenými ploty vytvořeny překážky, které snižují prostupnost krajiny pro divokou zvěř. Zvěř tak může mít zkomplikovaný přístup k vodním zdrojům, k přirozeným životním teritoriím, pokud je zvíře teritoriální.

Některé golfové kluby se snaží minimalizovat svůj dopad na životní prostředí různými opatřeními, aby vyhověly platným zákonům. Nicméně, celkový negativní dopad golfových hřišť na životní prostředí zůstává významný.

Zdroje:

• Environmental Impact of Golf Courses – Rain or Shine Golf
• Are Golf Courses Bad For The Environment? The Truth Revealed
• The Environmental Impact of Golf Courses Is Unsurprisingly Outrageous
• Sport 2050: How climate change could leave golf with a less than
• Why Golf Courses Are Bad for the Environment (and What You Can Do About It)
• Six Ways Golf Courses Hurt the Environment
• Can a golf course support biodiversity? - Sport Ecology Group
• 5 Environmental Impacts of Golf Courses - Environment Go!
• The Environmental Impact of Golf Courses & Their Benefits
• Research Confirms Environmental Value of Golf Courses

Co s tím?

Existuje několik opatření, které se dají použít na golfových hřištích:

Učinit k přírodě neohleduplný golf společensky nepřijatelným S pomocí podložených informací a důkazů upozorňovat na neudržitelné aspekty provozu golfových areálů. Dávat konkrétní důkazy o vlivu na krajinu. Dávat příklady a podněty jak totéž dělat lépe a šetrněji k přírodě.

Jsou golfová hřiště budoucností ochrany přírody? Záleží, kde vzniknou - Ekolist, 23.1.2024

Omezit látky poškozujících životní prostředí Snížení množství, nebo úplné vynechání chemických prostředků které zanechávají trvalé chemické stopy na povrchu i pod povrchem hřiště. Místo chemie eliminující v konkrétním místě nežádoucí rostliny se dá používat lokálně i horká pára.

Šetřit spotřebu vody Golf vyžaduje velké množství vody pro péči o hřiště, a proto je důležité implementovat strategie pro šetření vodou. To může zahrnovat použití inteligentních zavlažovacích technologií a výběr rostlin odolných vůči suchu. Užitečné je i využití přírodních čističek odpadní vody z místa a následné vracení vyčištěné vody do ekosystému.

Větší pokrytí stromy a vytváření větrných bariér může snížit vysychání povrchu zejména v důsledku větru. Koruny vzrostlých stromů zpomalují proudění vzduchu u země, vytváří stín a efektivně zachycují vzdušnou vlhkost v různých ročních i denních obdobích. Krajina by měla pracovat s vodou tak, aby zde voda zůstávala a nebyla zbytečně odváděna pryč.

Zlepšit energetickou účinnost zařízení může pomoci golfovým hřištím ušetřit peníze, pokud investují do úsporných technologií. Týká se to jak důsledné využívání obnovitelných zdrojů energie pro servisní stroje a golfové vozíky, ale i výstavba energeticky úsporných budov souvisejících se službami golfového hřiště. Je možné kombinovat solární zdroje s větrnými zdroji, nebo tepelnými čerpadly.

Ekologicky zpracovávat odpady: Správa odpadů je důležitou praxí pro jakékoliv golfové hřiště. To může zahrnovat recyklaci a kompostování organických odpadů, především sečené trávy, shromážděného listí a ořezaných dřevin z hrací plochy. Vzniklý kompost je možné vracet do půdy místo umělých hnojiv. Ať už přímo na hřišti, nebo na jiné zemědělské půdě. Rozhodně užitečnější, než spalování biohmoty v elektrárnách na biomasu. Se zázemím souvisí i dopravní obslužnost, parkoviště a rizika znečištění odpadky z prostor pro návštěvníky, nebo motorovými kapalinami. Kvalitní správa odpadu zvyšuje prestiž golfového klubu.

Podporovat biodiverzitu krajiny: První volba by měla být výběr lokality, která se vznikem golfového hřiště obohatí a zkulturní. Mohou to být bývalé průmyslové pozemky, rekultivované výsypky a povrchové doly. Ovšem ne každý brownfield je z pohledu biologické rozmanitosti chudý. Příklady ukazují, že opuštěné brownfieldy mívají vyšší obsazenost rostlinami i živočichy, než vnitřní města, nebo intenzivně obdělávaná zemědělská krajina.

Výběr původních rostlin pro úpravu blízkého okolí hřiště může zachovat vyšší biodiverzitu a zlepšit zdraví půdy. Golfový plán by měl být navrhován krajinným architektem s citlivým přístupem, který zohlední místa vhodná pro bohatší obsazení rostlinami i konkrétními stromy.

V areálu tak mohou být pásy a biokoridory s různými bylinami, keři a stromy, ale i suchými poldery nebo kamenitými skalkami, které dávají prostor pro život mnoha živočichům, od hmyzu přes obyvatele polí a luk až po zpěvné ptáky a dravce. Hřiště by mělo nenásilně zapadat do místní krajiny. Pokud možno nevytvářet příliš velké tepelné ostrovy, umožnit volný pohyb divoké zvěři, nevytvářet pasti ani riziková místa pro zvěř.

Další čtení ze světa:

• Pioneering Sustainable Practices in Golf Course Renovation with Green
• Sustainable Golf Course, Sustainable Waste Management
• Sustainable Golf - R&A
• Milestone Reached in Golf Course Sustainability Study - USGA
• The Path to Sustainable Golf Course Maintenance: Optimizing Practices

A co s mapovými daty dál?

Mapování všech golfových hřišť v OpenStreetMap tedy může poskytnout nová, nebo strukturovaná data o celkové ploše golfových prvků, v konkrétní zemi. Tato data mohou být použita k přesnější analýze dopadu golfových hřišť na životní prostředí a krajinnou rozmanitost.

Kvalita dat o golfovém povrchu může být pochopitelně ovlivněna různými faktory, včetně intenzity zapojení komunity a přesnosti nahrávaných dat. Navíc, i když OSM může poskytnout cenná data, je také důležité zpracovat tato data současně s dalšími zdroji informací a metodami výzkumu při hodnocení dopadů golfových hřišť na životní prostředí. Bez základního mapování budou však analýzy prakticky nemožné, nebo jen velmi hrubé.

Analýza shromážděných dat z OSM může probíhat v rámci konkrétního studentského, nebo výzkumného projektu, jehož cílem je popsat stav, negativní vlivy a environmentální opatření krajiny s golfovým hřištěm. Může vzniknout metodika a doporučení jak harmonizovat ochranu přírody s provozem golfových hřišť. To vše může zapadat do naplňování Cílů Udržitelného Rozvoje SDG 2030.

Pokud vás téma zaujalo, pomozte mapovat golfová hřiště. Další čtení a zdroje:

• Mapping golf courses with Mapillary and OpenStreetMap
• Using Open Street Map Data in Environmental Exposure Assessment Studies
• Can a golf course support biodiversity and ecosystem services?
• The role of golf courses in biodiversity conservation and ecosystem
• Urban golf courses are biodiversity oases. Opening them up puts that at risk .
• A Framework for Biodiversity Assessment of Golf Courses
• Recognising and Protecting Biodiversity at Golf Courses: A FFGolf initiative
• Using OpenStreetMap point-of-interest data to model urban change
• Utilizing geospatial information to implement SDGs
• Open Geospatial Data in Environmental Management: Context, oppotunities and challenges
• OpenStreetMap Golf Mapping - YouTube
• GitHub - leif81/osmgolf: Open Street Map Golf web app
• OpenStreetMap golf courses — European Environment Agency

8 days ago

[out:json][timeout:125];
(nwr(user_touched:"AlexSpritze")({{bbox}});)->.mine;
.mine->._;
// print results
out geom;

Im Telegram-Kanal entdeckt, dass man in Overpass eine Abfrage schreiben kann, die alle Element anzeigt, die man mal bearbeitet hat:

[out:json][timeout:125];
(nwr(user_touched:"AlexSpritze")({{bbox}});)->.mine;
.mine->._;
// print results
out geom;

Dank an M. Brandtner und dieterdreist.

24 hours ago

Camino vecinal, punto de marcación y edificio para centro de yoga Millaray Yoga.

a day ago

parco circonvallazione

2 days ago

11/04/2024-17/04/2024

♦

Building labelling [1] | Christoph Hormann

Mapping

• [1] Christoph Hormann demonstrated his work during the recent Karlsruhe Hack Weekend to improve the way addresses and entrances are displayed. His modifications include more differentiated entrances icons and a new address rendering strategy. Alternative styles are available in the repository on GitHub.
• Sven Geggus has re-activated his unique map of campsites in OpenStreetMap that have been mislabelled, which had been offline for two years. It shows campsites that mistakenly contain other campsites.
• SeverinGeo argued that terrain and highway mapping is better suited for beginner mappers than building mapping, due to its relative ease and the limited availability of high-quality satellite imagery for buildings.
• The vote on the extended tagging of traffic_sign was cancelled and the proposal withdrawn. Up to this point, there had been 8 votes in favour, 26 against, and 4 abstentions.

Mapping campaigns

• GoWin wrote about a craft mapping campaign with students from the University of Bohol, Indonesia. The on-site observations were recorded on fieldpapers. The georeferenced photos, collected with OpenCamera, were uploaded to Panoramax.
• The Hub de Mapeo Abierto, from HOT, organised ♦ an outdoor mapping party in Medellín as part of #OpenDataDay.
• Contrapunctus offered practical advice on organising OpenStreetMap mapping parties, highlighting key areas such as choosing safe and practical locations, effective announcement and invitation strategies, necessary equipment, and efficient teaching and mapping techniques.

Community

• C-RadaR discussed ♦►♦ various topics in their April edition:
  • Anna, from netzpolitik.org, addressed the inclusion of children in discussions on IT security and encryption.
  • Oliver, from the German Amateur Radio Club, detailed a training weekend for emergency radio communications.
  • Tobias, along with weeman, explored developments in the StreetComplete app, designed to improve OpenStreetMap data.

OpenStreetMap Foundation

• The OSMF provided details on the timing and effect of the shutdown of OAuth 1.0a and HTTP Basic Auth on OpenStreetMap.
• The Board of the OpenStreetMap Foundation will meet for two days in Frankfurt on 26 and 27 April 2024. Topic suggestions for this meeting can be submitted via the forum.
• The OpenStreetMap Foundation blogged three reasons to join the OSMF as a member:
  • You can nominate to serve as a member of the OSMF Board and influence the strategic plan and some of OSM’s finances.
  • You can vote in the annual Board elections, as well as on other foundation initiatives.
  • To help grow and diversify the OSM membership worldwide.

Events

• France’s national cartography institute is launching ♦►♦ a major cartography competition, in which participants are invited to use the BD TOPO ♦►♦ to create a cartographic, computer graphic, or artistic narrative on the subject of France’s territorial continuities and disparities.
• Cyberjuan introduced the programme and academic programme committees for SotM Latam 2024 ♦►♦, to be held on 7 and 8 December at the Instituto Federal do Pará in Belem, Brazil.

Education

• GOwin facilitated a workshop in Iloilo, Philippines, to train local disaster agencies in field mapping.
• The IVIDES Institute has held a short course on collaborative mapping with OpenStreetMap, which focused on disaster risk reduction (DRR) for civil defence employees from several states of Brazil. Dr Raquel Souto commented ♦►♦ on this training in her diary, saying that she has written ♦ a preliminary list of features related to DRR and their corresponding tags.
• Carston Hernke explored sourcing data to map parcel lockers in Berlin. He covered data from Overture Maps and OpenStreetMap, using DuckDB to query and convert the data, and preparing to visualise the mapped data.

Humanitarian OSM

• OSM India, in collaboration with OSM West Bengal and OSM Jalpaiguri, has launched a mapping project to map all sorts of roads and buildings along the estimated path of the 31 March tornado.
• Supaplex discussed the use of three OpenStreetMap projects to map areas affected by the 2024 Hualien earthquake in Taiwan. These initiatives will focus on mapping buildings, roads, and waterways to aid recovery and rebuilding efforts. They will consider donating recent satellite imagery to improve mapping accuracy. There are also plans to organise on-site mapping events to support local communities once conditions have stabilised.

Maps

• On 14 April at 17:08 UTC, TheRukk, who is most likely a mapper based in Italy, uploaded changeset 150 million to OpenStreetMap. In this changeset, he used the StreetComplete editor to clarify the road surface of the section of road at the intersection around the Porta San Felice gate, Bologna.
• Last week we reported on the migration of the Deutsche Post locations map from a market competitor to OpenStreetMap. Daniel-j-h has taken a closer look at the technical solution used to build the map and published ♦ his analysis on Mastodon.
• Christoph Hormann discussed the history of digital map design, highlighting that while digitalisation has brought significant benefits such as increased efficiency, and accessibility to a wider audience. It has resulted in a considerable loss of design skills and cartographic techniques, many of which had been developed and refined to very high standards in earlier centuries.
• Christoph Hormann reviewed the evolution and diversity of map design within the OpenStreetMap community, examining various projects and styles that highlight both historical developments and current trends in cartography, focusing on different regional and technical approaches to map design.
• juminet tooted the new symbol renderings for Belgian businesses such as breweries and chip shops.
• Christopher Beddow explored the evolution of cartography in an article on unstructured reality, discussing how modern mapping techniques, such as the use of digital twins and symbolic maps, blend empirical data collection with symbolic representation to both capture and abstract reality, enriching our interaction with geographical information systems.

OSM in action

• PamPam has provided tools for creating simple, interactive maps that allow easy customisation and sharing of maps to enhance interactive geographic storytelling.
• Rihards Olups presented some real-world applications of OpenStreetMap, including:
  • A fire department that used OSM to map all the houses and fire hydrants in their area and uses OsmAnd to find the nearest hydrants and determine the best routes.
  • A rescue dog handler who has created their own OSM leaflet app to plan their missions.
• ls65536 has developed a virtual sailing navigation simulator that uses real geographical and near real-time weather and ocean data. It also has the ability to set up races to compete against others.

Software

• Michel Stuyts has created a user script that adds an OpenStreetMap link to Google search results for geographic locations in the European Union, following the changes in March 2024, when Google removed such links to its own maps.
• rtnf has built song lyrics that capture the essence of OSM well. Musically, this could be quite exciting, as this AI prototype shows. Surely we have musical mappers who can do this by people for people? But the choir? A task for the upcoming SotM perhaps 😉 JOSM also has its own song.
• Kamil Monicz talked about the recent improvements and future plans for his OpenStreetMap-NG project. Highlights include faster GPS trace uploads, new trace editing features, and easier navigation. Kamil also mentioned upcoming features and thanked community members and sponsors for supporting the project.
• Ilya Zverev, the developer behind well-known tools such as EveryDoor and Level0, has reminded us of his browser plugin for the fast editing of tags in OSM (we reported earlier). This plugin allows tags to be corrected much faster, without the loading times of the iD editor, and eliminates the need to copy URLs into Level0.

Programming

• Sam Woodcock from HOT described, in his diary, how the new ODK entities, introduced into the ODK field data collection Suite in 2023, can be used to track OSM objects, collect information about these and eventually update OSM tags for these objects.The HOT Field Mapping Tasking Manager example (background OSM map without attribution) shows how a Server and a Mobile tool from the ODK suite are used to coordinate field teams and collect data from the field. These two tools are available free and open source for any organisation that wants to deploy its own server. Paid hosted services are also available.
  • The ODK Central server stores survey data and lets teams coordinate field data collection. Entities can be stored with geometry and properties.
  • The Android ODK Collect application can be used offline to collect data in the field.

Releases

• OsmAnd 4.7 has been released for Android and iOS. The Android version comes with faster offline navigation, extracted route tags from OpenStreetMap data, and OAuth 2.0 for OSM login. The iOS version has a redesigned tracks menu (long press to upload changes to OpenStreetMap) and many new widgets.

Did you know …

• … the Babykarte? This is a map showing relevant POIs and information for parents and guardians of infants and toddlers (0 to 3 years of age).
• … that if you see outdated map tiles on OpenStreetMap then reloading the page without cache might help you?On Windows and Linux this can be done using the keyboard shortcut CTRL+F5, on macOS CMD+SHIFT+R (or CMD+OPTION+R for Safari). In Firefox for Android, hold down the page reload button.If these keyboard shortcuts are not available to you, then open the site in a private window (incognito mode).
• … that there is a wiki page with a detailed guide to mapping North Korea using satellite imagery? This guide focuses on various elements such as transportation, land use, and specific structures such as buildings and monuments. It also offers specific tagging recommendations for contributors to ensure accurate and standardised map entries, and discusses the challenges of mapping in a region with limited local data contributions.
• … the Open Brewery Map? A map that shows all the breweries mapped in OSM.
• … that you draw a circle with a specified radius around a point on the map by using this tool?

OSM in the media

• Anne-Karoline Distel has completed an extensive photographic survey of Kilkenny City, capturing 360° street-level imagery that is now available on Mapillary. This volunteer effort, supported by a European Camera Grant from Meta, aims to improve OpenStreetMap data by focusing on areas accessible to pedestrians and cyclists.

Other “geo” things

• The city council of Barcelona has organised the removal of a bus route from Google and Apple maps. This decision was made in response to resident complaints about being unable to return home due to the bus being constantly filled with tourists on their way to Park Güell, the city’s second most popular attraction after the Basílica de la Sagrada Família.
• In episode 229 of the Geomob podcast, Steven interviewed Sean Wiid about UP42, a geospatial marketplace that simplifies access to commercial geospatial data and processing algorithms. UP42 aims to address the issues of complexity and fragmentation in the earth observation and geospatial industry. Sean explained that UP42 is a user-friendly platform, which differentiates itself from competitors by focusing on providing an accessible interface and API for customers.
• You can learn how to use GeoParquet with Apache Sedona to improve Overture Maps data efficiency. This tutorial explains how GeoParquet improves spatial operations and data interoperability.
• The Overture Maps Foundation has released a first beta version of its global open map dataset, which integrates multiple open data sources and includes 54 million points of interest and 2.3 billion buildings. The dataset is designed to complement OpenStreetMap by providing users with a ready-to-use geospatial dataset.

Upcoming Events Where What Online When Country Rio de Janeiro ♦ Oficina de importação de POIs no OpenStreetMap, a partir de um arquivo de pontos – YouthMappers UFRJ ♦ 2024-04-19 ♦ Arricchire i dati di OSM con i linked open data: impariamo a usare QLever ♦ 2024-04-20 臺北市 OpenStreetMap Taiwan x Help.NGO Crisis Mapping for Hualien Earthquake mapathon ♦ 2024-04-22 ♦ iD Community Chat ♦ 2024-04-24 Düsseldorf Düsseldorfer OpenStreetMap-Treffen (online) ♦ 2024-04-24 ♦ Wien 71. Wiener OSM-Stammtisch ♦ 2024-04-24 ♦ Aachen 5. Treffen Aachener Stammtisch 2.0 ♦ 2024-04-25 ♦ Potsdam Radnetz Brandenburg Mapping Abend #6 ♦ 2024-04-25 ♦ OSMF Engineering Working Group meeting ♦ 2024-04-26 OpenStreetMap visual impaired accessibility initiative – kickoff (online) ♦ 2024-04-27 Fianarantsoa State of the Map Madagascar ♦ 2024-04-28 – 2024-04-29 ♦ Brno Missing Maps Mapathon at the Department of Geography ♦ 2024-04-29 ♦ Fianarantsoa OSM Africa April Mapathon – Map Madagasikara ♦ 2024-04-30 ♦ Dresden OSM-Stammtisch Dresden ♦ 2024-05-02 ♦ Essen FOSSGIS-OSM-Communitytreffen 2024 Nummer 20 ♦ 2024-05-03 – 2024-05-05 ♦ Bochum OSM-Workshop ♦ 2024-05-05 ♦ 臺北市 OpenStreetMap x Wikidata Taipei #64 ♦ 2024-05-06 ♦

Note:
If you like to see your event here, please put it into the OSM calendar. Only data which is there, will appear in weeklyOSM.

This weeklyOSM was produced by MatthiasMatthias, PierZen, Strubbl, TheSwavu, barefootstache, darkonus, derFred, euroPathfinder, mcliquid, rtnf.
We welcome link suggestions for the next issue via this form and look forward to your contributions.

3 days ago

Buat masa sekarang saya masih kumpul maklumat kawasan untuk elak kesilapan.

5 days ago

Hello Everyone,

We're delighted to share some exciting news with you! OsmAnd version 4.7 for iOS devices is now officially available. This latest update brings a host of new features and improvements that we can't wait for you to try.

You can download the update right now from the AppStore. Added new widgets, improved user interface, and several performance upgrades that make OsmAnd even better.

♦

What's new​

• Redesign Tracks menu
• Widget settings updates
• Tracks menu of Configure map
• Updates of GPX tracks
  • 3D visualization
  • External sensors data for Analize on map
  • Additional tags support
• Sun position widget
• Glide ratio widget
• Round up numbers
• Vertical exaggeration
• OsmAnd Cloud updates
• Basemap app language
• Missing maps download
• More

Redesign Tracks menu​

We've completely redesigned the Tracks menu in My Places.

♦

Tracks on map folder now directly opens the Tracks menu in Configure map.

By tapping the Three Dots button, you access a menu with the following actions:

• Add folder allows you to create and name a new folder.
• Import enables the importation of a GPX file.

♦

New track allows to start Trip recording action. Just click "Start recording" button. During the recording, you can view the Recording track data, including distance, duration, and the number of waypoints. There are two key actions available during recording: Stop record and Save GPX track.

♦ ♦

A long press on any folder opens the Folder menu, which includes the following options:

• Rename lets you rename the selected folder.
• Export enables you to export the folder as an OSF file.
• Move provides the option to relocate a folder to another Tracks folder or to create a new folder for moving the selected folder into it.
• Delete gives you the ability to remove the selected folder.

♦

A long press on any GPX track brings up a menu with the following options:

• Show on map displays the selected track on the map.
• Navigation starts navigation using the track.
• Analyze launches Analyse on map.
• Share allows you to share the selected track.
• Upload modifications to OSM enables you to upload changes to OpenStreetMap.
• Edit opens the selected track in Plan a route for editing.
• Duplicate provides the option to create a copy of the selected track.
• Rename lets you change the name of the selected track.
• Move allows you to relocate the selected track to a specified folder.
• Delete gives you the option to remove the selected track.

♦

Widgets updates​

• Enhanced top and bottom widget panels to accommodate all widgets.

• Background color opacity for transparency widget mode.

• Improved widget configuration by allowing users to move pages and rows.

♦ ♦

Redesign Tracks menu of Configure map​

Enhanced management of tracks displayed on the map:

iOS Menu → Configure map → Show on map → Tracks

We've introduced two sections: Visible and All

• In Visible, you can select and deselect tracks to be displayed on the map and choose from a "Recently Visible" section.
• In All, you have the option to select tracks from the complete track list.

♦ ♦

You can utilize the following actions (buttons) for track management:

• 🔍 Magnifying glass for seaching a track from the track list.
• 📥 import a track from device.
• "Select All" - select all tracks from the list.
• "Done" - done your track selections and close the "Tracks" section.

By clicking on "Last modified" you access the Sort tracks menu. Here, you can organize your tracks by:

• "Nearest" or "Last modified"
• "Name A-Z" or "Name Z-A"
• "Newest date first" or "Oldest date first"
• "Longest distance first" or "Shortest distance first"
• "Longest duration first" or "Shorter duration first"

♦ ♦

Updates of GPX tracks​3D visualization​

Introduced 3D visualization for tracks based on altitude (it's a paid feature of Maps+):

Track Context menu → Change Appearance → 3D visualization

♦ ♦

External sensors data for Analize on map​

Updated "Analyze on Map" feature to include the capability to display metrics from sensors.

• You can now analyze your track data alongside external sensors data: choose the track → Options → Analyze on map → Select graph data

♦ ♦ ♦

Additional tags support​

• Enhanced tags support for GPX has been implemented, including link, author, copyright, and keywords.

• Added support for additional tags for OSM routes (tourist routes): description, from, to, distance, direction, state, colour, ascent, descent, roundtrip, tourism

Sun position widget​

A new Sun position widget has been added, complementing the Sunrise and Sunset widgets. This section of widgets is now named "Sun position":

Menu → Configure screen → Widgets → Add widget → Sun Position → Sun position, Sunrise, Sunset.

♦

"Sun Position" widget displays the time until sunrise or sunset, based on the current time. This widget offers the following settings:

• Mode: Select from "Next event", "Sunset", "Sunrise".
• Format: Choose between "Time left" or "Next event". These format settings can be adjusted by tapping the widget on the screen.

♦ ♦

Glide ratio widget​

Simple Glide Ratio widgets have been introduced for use in aircraft. These widgets display the glide ratio to the target or the average glide ratio for the current flight.

OsmAnd menu → Configure screen → Widgets (All panels) → Glide ratio to target/Target elevation and Average glide ratio/Average vertical speed

♦

Round up numbers in navigation widgets​

You can now select the format for displaying distance information in navigation widgets, like distance to a point, the next turn, and lanes. Choose "Precise" for exact figures or "Round up" to enhance readability with simpler, rounded numbers:

Menu → Settings → Navigation Profile → General settings → Units & formats → Distance during navigation → Precise or Round up

♦ ♦

Vertical exaggeration​

A special coefficient for 3D relief has been added in this release. Now, you can adjust the Vertical Exaggeration:

iOS Menu → Configure map → Terrain → Vertical exaggeration (Ensure that 3D relief is enabled)

This feature allows you to view the contours of smoother topography with enhanced detail.

♦

OsmAnd Cloud updates​

• OsmAnd Cloud: added ability to restore deleted files from Trash.

• OsmAnd Cloud: added ability to delete account.

App Language for Basemap​

The World Basemap now adopts the language of the app for naming, aligning with the app's language settings. This is applicable for base map zoom levels 1-6 (less than 7 map zoom). The app language can be modified in the System settings under OsmAnd Maps – Language.

♦

Missing maps download​

OsmAnd now alerts you if some maps between your start point and destination are missing. It's important to ensure that all maps are up to date and of the same release date for a consistent navigation experience.

♦

More​

Tasks resolved in OsmAnd 4.7 include:

• Fixed the "Coordinates" widget where, in some cases, the last digits were missed.
• Fixed "3D Mode" button behavior: tapping on the button doesn't save the tilt angle.
• Fixed status bar color for older iOS versions.
• Fixed rotate and pinch to zoom gestures and Overlay/Underlay sliders for Mac OS version.
• Improved Autozoom animation for navigation.
• Roundabout with exit number shown on CarPlay when navigating.

5 days ago

We created a F-Droid repository for all Agroecology Map applications.

F-Droid is an open source app store and software repository for Android.

Agroecology Map is a Free Software, based on OpenStreetMap, citizen science platform that aims to assist in mapping and exchanging experiences in Agroecology.

• How to add the Agroecology Map F-Droid repository?

1. Settings
2. Repositories
3. Add (+) Repository (fdroid.agroecologymap.org/repo/)
4. Scan QR Code or Enter repository URL manually

Step-by-step youtube.com/shorts/4Cw3jPzmS2I?si=zYxrgR1fHMfHEDq7

6 days ago

(work in progress; screenshots and visuals coming soon!)

Pipelines are notoriously tough to map. They lie mostly underground, often with little to no visible trace on aerial imagery. What may look like a pipeline route on the ground may actually be a tangled bundle of pipelines, and even if we can figure out an individual pipeline’s true route, imagery tells us nothing about its name, who operates it, or what substance it carries.

Fortunately, the Pipeline and Hazardous Materials Safety Administration (PHMSA), an agency of the U.S. Department of Transportation, publishes authoritative, open data on pipeline routes. The Public Viewer, however, presents this data as raster images and limits how far you can zoom in. Despite this, we can use it quite effectively to identify pipelines and trace their precise routes.

Workflow

Requirements: JOSM, with Expert Mode enabled.

Choose a county

There are over 3,000 county-equivalents in the United States. You may want to start with a place you’re familiar with, an unreviewed pipeline found on TIGERMap, or an area where you suspect data is missing from Open Infrastructure Map. Regardless, we’ll be focusing on mapping one county (or parish, borough, independent city, etc.) at a time.

Download the county’s pipelines

In JOSM, open the Download window (Ctrl+Shift+Down). Choose the “Download from Overpass API” tab along the top (if this is missing, open the Preferences window, make sure the “Expert Mode” box in the bottom left is checked, and try again). Paste the following into the query field:

{{geocodeArea:"Loving County, Texas"}};
way(area)[man_made=pipeline];
(._; >; <;);
out meta;

Replace Loving County, Texas with the county-equivalent of your choice, and hit Download. Don’t worry about selecting a bounding box on the map; it will be ignored.

Now that you have a canvas to work with, you’re ready to get started mapping.

Open the county in PHMSA’s Public Viewer

Open the Public Viewer and enter your state and county. You’ll find two layers enabled by default: Gas Transmission Pipelines and Hazardous Liquid Pipelines.

Right-click on a pipeline and select a layer in the Identify menu. The pipeline becomes highlighted in yellow, and a box pops up with details about the pipeline, including name, operator and commodity (see substance=*).

If your county has only a few pipelines, then this should be enough to work with. But if you encounter several pipelines tangled together, queries can help sort them out.

Untangle pipelines with queries

Click on Query Tools, then Query Pipelines. Pipelines can be queried based on various attributes, such as OPID (operator) or commodity. But for this exercise, we’ll be doing a spatial query. Near the bottom of the window, choose Draw an Area, and click the following button.

Find a cluster of pipelines, and click on the map to add corners of a polygon surrounding the bundle. Double-click to add your last point and finish.

Check the box for “Also display attributes in a table”, and hit OK. A new layer will appear on the map containing only the pipelines passing through the selected polygon, and a box will pop up with the details of each pipeline.

Select a row in the table, and then click the Highlight Selected Feature button below. The pipeline will show up yellow on the map.

Helpful Hints

• Add as many imagery layers as possible in JOSM. Cycle through them with the backtick key (above Tab) as you map. You may find that one imagery source is good for a particular pipeline, but another source is better for a nearby pipeline (perhaps they were laid and photographed years apart).
• It’s okay (and inevitable, really) to leave a pipeline unfinished. Just add fixme=continue to the node at the end.

6 days ago

In 2024, the OSMF Operations Working Group (OWG) is retiring OAuth 1.0a and HTTP Basic Auth on OpenStreetMap.org. These are technical ways for applications to authenticate users with the OSM website or API. OAuth 1.0a and HTTP Basic Auth have been deprecated since 2023, as OAuth 2.0 is now the standard authorization method for most systems.

There are three key dates in the transition process:

• March 1st, 2024: New OAuth 1.0a application registrations were disabled. Existing applications were not impacted. HTTP Basic Auth was not impacted.
• May 1st, 2024: System administrators will start brownouts to find applications that are still using OAuth 1.0a or HTTP Basic Auth.
• June 1st, 2024: OAuth 1.0a and HTTP Basic Auth will be shut down.

Retiring these authentication methods is necessary because of security concerns, and the complexity of maintaining so many authorization implementations, including ones that rely on unmaintained components.

How does this impact me as a developer?

If you are a developer of an application using OAuth 1.0a or HTTP Basic Auth to log in to the OpenStreetMap.org website, you might need to make some changes to switch to OAuth 2.0. Fortunately, this is a well-supported industry standard.

If your application only makes read calls to the API, authorization is optional. For rate-limiting purposes, it is still a good idea to add authorization to your requests, but it is not required. If your application is a website using OSM for logins, making use of OAuth 2.0 is much easier as it is much better supported because so many other sites use it. It also avoids problems like users ending up with many tokens in their list on the website.

If you are developing software that edits using the API and is run locally, you may need to make code changes. All common languages have libraries that deal with OAuth 2, and libraries are the preferred choice for any authorization. You can also use Zverik’s library for command-line tools, or write your own shell script of about a dozen lines.

You should be able to find lots of examples online of OAuth 2 client implementations in your language. If you want to get more detailed information or ask technical questions, please use the GitHub ticket. Here, the OWG also tracks the applications requiring modification to use OAuth 2.0.

How does this impact me as a mapper?

Most mappers will notice no change. The transition will not affect how you log in to your OSM account or use the website. iD and JOSM have supported OAuth 2.0 as the default authentication method for some time. If you use your OSM account to log in to a third-party site like the HOT Tasking Manager, MapRoulette, or HDYC, you will not be impacted as those sites have already moved to OAuth 2.0. Read-only API access does not require authorization at all.

The OpenStreetMap Foundation is a not-for-profit organisation, formed to support the OpenStreetMap Project. It is dedicated to encouraging the growth, development and distribution of free geospatial data for anyone to use and share. The OpenStreetMap Foundation owns and maintains the infrastructure of the OpenStreetMap project, is financially supported by membership fees and donations, and organises the annual, international State of the Map conference. Our volunteer Working Groups and small core staff work to support the OpenStreetMap project. Join the OpenStreetMap Foundation for just £15 a year or for free if you are an active OpenStreetMap contributor.

7 days ago

Good news!

We're thrilled to announce the release of OsmAnd version 4.7 for Android devices, now available for download on Google Play. This latest update brings a suite of new features and improvements designed to enhance your navigation experience.

Get the Update Today!

To enjoy these new features and improvements, head to Google Play or your preferred app market to download or update to OsmAnd version 4.7. We're committed to making OsmAnd the best navigation tool for Android users, and we're excited for you to experience the latest advancements.

Thank you for your continued support of OsmAnd. Happy navigating!

♦

What's new​

• Fast offline routing
• Navigation settings for Developers
• Speedometer
  • Speedometer for Android Auto
• Round up numbers in navigation widgets
• Custom Quick Action Buttons
• All route tags for the Route info of the Context menu
• 3D tracks visualization
• Battery optimization dialogue of Track recording
• Redesign graphs of tracks and route
• OAuth 2.0 for OpenStreetMap login for OpenStreetMap login
• Tracks menu updated
  • Apply sorting order to all subfolders > Tracks
  • Designed the new Selected Tracks screen
• Filter by Sensor data (HR, Cadence, Power) for GPX tracks
• Added tags support: author, cmt, link, keywords, copyright, email. Moved sensor tags to gpxtpx:TrackPointExtensio.
• More for this release

note

OsmAnd 4.7.10 is the last build for installation to Android 6.

Enhanced Offline Navigation​

A new, speedy offline navigation feature has been introduced, utilizing a hierarchical highway algorithm.

To ensure the swift routing functions correctly, it's essential that all vector maps are up-to-date and synchronized by date.

For instance, navigating offline by car from Inzlingen to Waldershof now only requires 10 seconds.

♦

Navigation settings for Developers​

Initially, activating the Development plugin is required.

Navigate through Menu → Settings → App profile → Navigation settings → Route parameters → Development:

• Routing type: Select the engine and algorithm for routing.
• GPX approximation: Opt for a GPX track approximation method.
• Autozoom: Activate autozoom for easier navigation.
• OsmAnd live data: Utilize the most recent map updates for routing.

♦

Speedometer​

Introduced a new distinctive widget called Speedometer:

Go to Menu → Configure screen → Other → Speedometer

Within this section, you can select the size (small, medium, large) of the Speedometer and specify when to receive a Speed limit warning (Always, When exceeded).

♦ ♦

Speedometer for Android Auto​

Speedometer was added for Android Auto too.

♦

Round up numbers​

Select the format for displaying distance information in navigation widgets (such as distance to a point, the next turn, and lanes). Opt for "Precise" for exact figures, or choose "Round up" for simpler readability:

Menu → Settings → Navigation Profile → General settings → Units & formats → Distance during navigation → Precise or Round up

♦ ♦

Custom Buttons​

In this update, we've introduced Custom Buttons, a unique type of Quick action tool. This means users can now create a custom action button for their device's screen.

Menu → Configure screen → Buttons → Custom buttons → + → Add button

♦ ♦

Next, you have the option to assign one or more actions to the custom button you've created and activate it.

♦ ♦

Now, the new custom button will be visible on your device's screen. Tapping this button instantly toggles the selected action on or off.

♦

Routes tags​

Extracted Route Tags from OpenStreetMap data Data for Track Context menu: Includes distance, direction, state, color, roundtrip, tourism, description, type, start/end points, and elevation change (descent/ascent).

Example of relation tags for "CAIOSM - Emilia Romagna - sentiero 137":

♦

3D track visualization​

Added 3D visialization for tracks by altitude (it's a paid feature of Maps+):

Track Context menu → Change Appearance → 3D visualization

♦ ♦

Battery optimization dialogue​

A "Battery Optimization" banner has been introduced in the Trip recording plugin settings. By clicking on it, you can adjust battery optimization settings, which may lead to gaps and inaccuracies in the recorded tracks:

Menu → Settings → App Profile → Trip recoding → Read more (Android battry optimization)

♦ ♦

Redesign graphs​

Elevation graphs have been revamped to eliminate overlapping labels:

♦

OAuth 2.0 for OSM login​

Updated the OpenStreetMap login process to use OAuth 2.0 for the OpenStreetMap editing plugin:

"The Operations Working Group is shutting down OAuth 1.0a and HTTP Basic Auth in 2024. They have been deprecated since 2023 and their role in authorization has replaced by OAuth 2.0 which the standard authorization method for most systems."

Tracks menu​

• Organization of subfolders (My Places menu):

You can now apply a sorting order across all subfolders:

Menu → My places → Tracks → ⋮ → Sort subfolders

♦ ♦

• New Selected Tracks screen for "Plan a route", "Navigation", "Markers", "Development", "Quick action":

Navigation → Settings → Follow track → Select

♦

Filter by Sensor data​

Introduced the ability to filter GPX tracks by sensor data.

♦

Tags support​

• The import process for GPX files now includes support for for tags such as author, cmt, link, keywords, copyright, email , allowing for the display of this information in the Track Context menu.

♦

• Move External sensors tags to gpxtpx:TrackPointExtensio.

More​

• Reduced 2.5D tilt angle at low zoom levels.
• Map tilt angle saved by taping on a button.
• Updated Search screen of Android Auto.
• Added POI's category "Water".
• Introduce map rotation North fixed.
• Added visual border of downloading area (Online maps) to square.
• Changed map zoom after searching for POIs' categories.
• Do not switch profile during initial Route calculation.
• Added Android Location services for OsmAnd Tracker. Fixed OsmAnd Tracker widget.

7 days ago

独家披露！危害国家安全的“神秘设备”，非法采集我国地理信息数据

CCTV今日说法 2024-04-15 13:25 北京

mp.weixin.qq.com/s/vszn3qfZJvICrPE0AUiJZg

《中华人民共和国国家安全法》将每年4月15日定为全民国家安全教育日。确立全民国家安全教育日，是为了动员全社会参与到维护国家安全的各项工作中来。只有人人参与，人人负责，国家安全才能真正获得巨大的人民性基础，才能有坚实的制度保障。

随着科技的发展，某国外企业以一种更为新型、隐蔽的方式，诱导我国公民非法采集国家地理信息数据。第九个全民国家安全教育日到来之际，《今日说法》栏目推出特别策划《神秘设备》，独家披露这一案件。

可疑的“行车记录仪”

2022年，福建福州的施某在浏览网页时看到了一款“行车记录仪”，公司官网宣称，只要使用这款设备就能获得虚拟币奖励，让施某很是心动，他立即在官网下单了5台“行车记录仪”，每台售价为450多美金。

2023年初，收到设备后，施某把5台“行车记录仪”全都装在了自己的车上，想要获取多倍收益。使用这款“行车记录仪”后，施某发现，该公司的地图App会时常发布一些任务，要求用户开车去不同的地方“点亮”地图。如果用户去了，系统就会发放虚拟币作为奖励。

♦

施某按照App的指示操作了一段时间后，赚了几千个虚拟币，按照汇率共获得了3000多元人民币。但施某觉得不值当，就没有再继续使用这款“行车记录仪”，后来他也没管这件事。直到国家安全机关工作人员找上门后，施某才意识到了事情的严重性。

国家安全机关工作人员发现，这款设备并不具备普通行车记录仪的功能。该设备以4K高清画质捕捉地面画面，同时具备自动识别功能，能对地面周围信息进行捕捉、分析，并且采集的画面只能保存8小时，24小时后自动消失，而这些消失的画面数据则被专用App发送到境外服务器。

♦

生产这款记录仪的是一个国外的地图公司。公司官网显示他们成立于2015年，是一家为无人机提供3D地图的创业公司，他们鼓励用户提供数据，以建立全球高精度4K级街道图像地图。

♦

但该公司跟某国的军方和情报部门有所联系，长期承接空军、陆军和情报部门的3D地图分析和测绘服务，甚至为他们的无人机部队提供相关数据服务。

♦

调查到了这里，国家安全机关的工作人员大致梳理清楚了这家公司的套路：通过虚拟货币吸引用户，用“行车记录仪”作为幌子，暗地里将我国的地理信息数据加密传输到境外，从而威胁我国国家安全。

施某的行为已经涉嫌非法测绘。不过，施某只是对发放的奖励虚拟货币感兴趣，并不了解背景。知道自己的行为可能危害国家安全时，施某积极配合调查。最后，国家安全机关工作人员对施某进行了批评教育，同时收缴了他的设备。

为牟利同时启用36台设备

施某手机的地图上显示，已被“点亮”的区域涉及全国各地。其中，湖南被“点亮”的程度特别高。

♦

国家安全机关工作人员调查发现，“点亮”湖南省相关区域的是文某，他们随后在湖南娄底找到了文某。文某说，他是上网时看到了这款“点亮”地图就能获取“金币”的“行车记录仪”。他心动不已，便在官网买了4台设备，安装在车上。后来，为了获得多倍收益，他又下了好几次单，最终买了36台设备，并相应买了36部二手手机，将手机和设备一一对应连接起来。

♦

从2023年2月开始，文某专程开车，去地图上发布“点亮”任务的地方赚取“金币”。在这个过程中，文某也觉着不对劲，意识到自己可能正在从事非法搜集地理信息的违法活动。他为规避风险，选择一条固定的路线反复行驶。

事实上，重复走同一条路，会让地理信息数据更精准。文某主观上认为，只要不刻意开车去涉密的地点就没事，但这款“行车记录仪”会自动采集数据。只要他经过一些重点区域，设备就会自动拍摄、采集、分析数据。

♦

几个月时间里，文某靠着这款“行车记录仪”获利数十万元。经鉴定，文某采集的地理数据中有两份秘密级国家秘密。文某明知对方是境外公司，却还是主动购买该公司的专用设备，对重要道路开展长时间、大范围的实时街景地理数据采集，非法获取巨额利益，主观故意明显，情节较为恶劣，国家安全机关以涉嫌为境外非法提供国家秘密、情报罪，对文某立案侦查。目前，该案还在进一步侦办中。

保密工作者亦深陷圈套

经国家安全机关查明，全国范围内有60余人购买了这款“行车记录仪”，“点亮”的区域包括15个省份。在这其中，有一个本就从事保密工作的人也掉入了陷阱。

严某在湖北省某单位负责保密工作，研究生学历，过去学习的是计算机方面的知识。2022年，严某注意到这家公司，对该设备工作原理和奖励机制产生好奇，便在官网购买了一台“行车记录仪”安装在车上。很快他就在地图上“点亮”了湖北省潜江市的许多线路。为了多赚点“金币”，他还跑了周边的部分地市。

♦

但没用多久，严某发现这台“行车记录仪”每过8秒就会自动拍摄一张照片，而且设备里的相关数据只保留24小时，超过24小时便会自动清空，这让本身就从事保密工作的严某意识到，这台设备可能存在泄密的隐患。于是，严某停止使用该设备。

2023年8月，严某的单位组织了一次保密检查，他注意到了闲置在车上的“行车记录仪”，觉得不妥，就找机会焚烧了这台设备，企图将这件事永久隐瞒下去，直至国家有关部门找到他时才幡然醒悟。

国家安全机关发现，出现这样的问题，一方面是因为群众缺乏必要的安全意识。另一方面，是因为这家公司会采用种种方式进行包装，将他们的真实目的掩藏在一些任务之下。比如，对于一些数据未覆盖或者需要重点关注的区域，这个地图App会在相关行驶路线上开出更高的虚拟币奖励。而且，这家地图公司授权我国周边几个地区的一些公司代理亚洲业务，以缩短我国使用者的设备收货时间。对于相关企业，国家安全机关还将开展进一步调查。

这种新形态的数据采集模式方式迂回，手段隐蔽，会对国家安全构成巨大威胁。针对该案暴露的问题，国家安全机关在全国范围内开展了专项清查处置工作，有力地维护了国家安全。

普法时间

♦

Q1:为什么我们国家的地理地图信息这么重要呢？

A1:地理空间数据是国家的重要基础设施之一，在我国的经济建设、国防建设和社会发展中发挥重要作用。敏感的、重要的地理空间坐标数据，如桥梁、大坝、港口、能源和军事设施等等，一旦被国外的敌对势力获得，在未来信息化战争条件下，就会成为精确军事打击的重点目标，对国家的安全和主权利益造成不可估量的影响。

Q2:什么单位、什么人有资格去采集这些地理地图信息呢？

Q2:地理空间数据并不是什么人都有资格可以采集。《中华人民共和国测绘法》第二十七条明确规定，国家对从事测绘活动的单位实行测绘资质管理制度，从事测绘活动的单位应当具备一定的条件，依法取得相应等级的测绘资质证书，才能从事测绘活动。

Q3:境外的机构和个人，他们有没有资格在我们国家境内采集这些地理空间的数据呢？

A3:《中华人民共和国测绘法》第八条规定了，国外的组织或者个人在我国领域或者是管辖的其他海域从事测绘活动，应当经国务院测绘地理信息主管部门会同军队的测绘部门批准并遵守相关规定。在测绘活动中，不能涉及国家秘密以及危害国家安全。

Q4:今天节目当中这些案件的涉案人员，他们这种违法采集地理空间数据的行为，会涉嫌触犯什么法律呢？

A4:刚才王教授已经谈到了，实际上他已经违反了《中华人民共和国测绘法》以及一系列法律的规定。首先，自然资源部、国家保密局制定了测绘管理活动当中国家秘密的范围。这就意味着一些高精度的、高分辨率的地理信息数据被明确确定为是国家秘密。这些目标是受到《中华人民共和国保守国家秘密法》和《中华人民共和国反间谍法》的明确保护。如果说这些信息尚未构成秘密，是属于关系到国家安全和利益的重要信息和数据，经过特定的认定程序，它们也属于我们应该重点保护的数据和信息。对此，《中华人民共和国反间谍法》是有明确的规定。另一方面，根据我们国家的《中华人民共和国数据安全法》和《数据出境安全评估办法》的规定，对于敏感的、重要的数据出境，是确立了明确的申报批准制度，只有通过审核评估才可以出境。否则就违反了《中华人民共和国数据安全法》以及《中华人民共和国反间谍法》的具体规定。本案当中，如果这个行为人明知非法采集的这些数据是属于国家秘密，而故意又把这些信息泄露给境外的组织机构，那么他们的行为就可能触犯《中华人民共和国刑法》，构成了为境外窃取、刺探、收买、非法提供国家秘密情报的刑事犯罪行为。

Q5:今天案例当中，有些人就是在不知不觉中把一些重要信息给泄露出去了。那么，在这方面我们应该怎么样应对和预防呢？

A5:随着科技的发展，地理空间数据测绘设备日益小型化、智能化，如手持式、背包式、车载式、无人机、无人艇等设备层出不穷，给我们的监管工作带来挑战。针对本案的特点，我们应该：第一，加强全民国家安全意识教育，让我们知道哪些能测，哪些不能测；第二，加强行业监管力度；第三，加大打击力度，对情节严重、构成犯罪的，应依法追究其刑事责任。

Q6:今天是4月15日，是第九个全民国家安全教育日。那么，为了维护国家安全，法律上还有哪些规定呢？

A6:今天是总体国家安全观重大战略思想提出的十周年，把4月15日确定为全民国家安全教育日，是新《中华人民共和国国家安全法》的一个重要法律规定，这就意味着维护国家安全对于国家和民族的重大意义。在总体国家安全观的指引下，我国在2015年制定了新《中华人民共和国国家安全法》。这部《中华人民共和国国家安全法》作为一部综合性的、全局性的、基础性的国家安全法律制度，以它为统领，我们国家近年来在国家安全领域当中，制定了20多部维护国家安全的专门法律制度，包括《中华人民共和国反间谍法》《中华人民共和国国家情报法》《反分裂国家法》等多部专门的国家安全立法。同时也制定了涉及到国家安全问题的110多部相关的法律制度。应当说我们国家的国家安全法律制度体系已经基本建立起来了。作为公民来说，要认真地了解、学习和掌握法律法规制度当中对于公民义务的规定。当这些法律能够得到全民的遵守，得到相关部门的严格执行的时候，我们的国家安全将会得到更有效的保障。

编辑 杨立桐 黎意 付静雯（实习） 王奕超（实习） 主编 王秀敏 案件来源 《今日说法》全民国家安全教育日特别策划《神秘设备》 记者 倪玮 高国辉 8 days ago

Welcome to my fifth OpenStreetMap NextGen development diary.
This week has been mostly focused on GPS Traces 🛰.

🔖 You can read my other development diaries here:
www.openstreetmap.org/user/NorthCrab/diary/

🐙 This project is open-source and publicly available:
github.com/Zaczero/openstreetmap-ng

GPS Traces Demo

It’s best to experience the refreshed traces in a video form, so I prepared a short demo (no audio):
⏯️ files.monicz.dev/osm/traces-demo.mp4

For comparison, here’s how the same trace looks on the current website:
www.openstreetmap.org/user/bielebog/traces/11326871

You will quickly notice the super-fast upload speed and the new trace animations. If there’s something wrong with the file you attached, you will receive instant feedback on the upload page. One new feature is possibility to edit trace name. Previously, this feature has been hidden behind API 0.6.

One more planned feature is rendering the map behind the trace animation. Now that the system works on individual coordinates, it will be fairly easy to implement. Traces without a human-understandable point of reference are not as useful as they could be.

Unified Traces URLs

Let’s start with discussing the current URL routes.

• If you want to access a way, you visit /way/<ID>
• If you want to access a note, you visit /note/<ID>
• If you want to access a trace, you visit /user/<USER>/traces/<ID>

Which is not consistent. OpenStreetMap-NG unifies this experience by introducing a new URL route: /trace/<ID>. All existing URLs remain backwards compatible and are automatically redirected.

Short-Term Development Plan

There’s just a few things left before reaching the core feature parity with the existing website. Those are the things I want to finish before inviting new contributors ツ.

• Elements sidebar (50% work in progress)
• User Diaries
• User Profiles
• Applications (OAuth) settings

Contributor Benefits

Last week I hinted towards the announcement of a contributor benefit. Today, I will talk shortly on 1 of 2 currently planned ideas, that will help the project grow and stay strong.

Firstly, who are the “contributors”? Those are the people who help the OpenStreetMap-NG project. For example: by testing the website, donating, contributing code, helping with localization, graphics and interface design, etc.. The scope is broadly defined, as people can contribute in many different ways!

Contributors joining before the project is officially accepted as the main OpenStreetMap website, will be able to become a member of the NextGen Founders invite-only community and receive a small badge on their user profiles. This feature is a part of the original announcement (under the name “Community Profiles”).

This is a time-limited benefit, that provides a unique thank-you to all people that help (and will help) making this project a reality. The 2nd benefit will be announced in some time in the future.

Project Sponsors 🏅

Here’s my weekly appreciation to the current project patrons. Thank you for believing and helping me do what I love :-)

Currently, the project is sponsored by 11 people!
Five private and three public donors on Liberapay, and three public on GitHub Sponsors.

• ~1847430, gileri, 快乐的老鼠宝宝/LaoshuBaby, mutipg, RedAuburn, ~1819511

If you can, please consider supporting the NG development:

♦

Disclaimer

This project is not affiliated with the OpenStreetMap Foundation.

9 days ago